Trends in Weight Management Among State-Qualifying High School Wrestlers: Implications for Athletes, Clinicians and Policy Development
ABSTRACT
Objective:
We examined the weight management practices of successful high school wrestlers to contribute meaningful data to the conversations that weight-certifying clinicians and athletic trainers have with athletes at the start of the wrestling season. Understanding how elite athletes navigate weight management can inform safer and more individualized guidance during preseason assessments.
Specifically, we sought to determine the proportion of state-qualifying wrestlers who competed at or above their certified minimum weight class. We also quantified the magnitude of weight change from certification to state competition and analyzed seasonal trends in both body weight and body fat percentage over a 20-year period.
Design:
Longitudinal retrospective review.
Setting:
Four Minnesota high schools.
Participants:
State qualifying wrestlers from 2003-2023.
Independent variable:
State qualifying weight class.
Main Outcome Measures:
Dependent variables are certification weight, measured body fat percent, and calculated minimum weight class.
Results:
Only 48 wrestlers (52.7%); C.I. 42.5% to 63.0%) competed at State in their minimum weight class, while the other 43 competed 1–2 weight classes above. 36 wrestlers (39.6%) gained weight over the season.
Conclusion
Nearly half the successful wrestlers competed in weight classes above their minimum weight, while five percent lost 9–18% for their body mass over the wrestling season. This suggests factors other than maximizing individual athletic potential, such as team needs to fill a weight class, influence weight management decisions. Over the study's 20-year span, trends toward lower measured body fat percentage and lower weight fluctuations suggest influences from sports specialization and year-round training and less emphasis on extreme leanness for competitive advantage. Athletes, in consultation with their coaches and clinicians, should select a competition weight class where they can adequately fuel, train and recover. This may not be their minimum certified weight class.
Contributor Notes